Background: Professionalism is an important characteristic of professional JOBS including nursing and medicine. Many professional values during the crisis are glaring.Objectives: This study was conducted to explain the role of the Iran-Iraq war in the professionalism of healthcare disciplines based on the documented experiences of medical staff.Methods: This is part of a qualitative study which used the conventional content analysis in 2014 - 2016. The researcher collected and analyzed 119 memories of the healthcare providers about the Iran- Iraq war, simultaneously.Results: Professionalism was one of the main categories emerged from the analysis of data. This theme included six sub- themes, "promotion of personal and professional empowerment", "compliance with laws and regulations", "holistic care", "expression of good traits", "interpersonal relationships", and "sublimation of spirit".Conclusions: Experiences of healthcare providers in the war can be applied in peacetime and future crisis through broadening their perception of nursing and medicine professions and improving their sense of professionalism.

Background and Aim: One of the prerequisites for effective performance is that each worker will have a certain occupational competencies in accordance with his or her job responsibilities. The purpose of this study was to identify the professional skills of Traffic Police JOBS to determine that each worker needs what kind of skills to do successfully JOBS responsibilities and what skills they should have for each job. Method: Two questionnaires were prepared for collecting data.: A tasked questionnaire containing job responsibilities and a competency questionnaire containing 37 skills. These skills consisted of six skills in terms of content, process, social, technical, system, management and martial arts. In each job, between 5 and 7 certified employees were selected through targeted sampling method from 9 provinces to determine the importance and level of skills needed to perform their job tasks. Findings: The results showed that JOBS with managerial and supervisory tasks, most require more content and management skills and bachelor's JOBS such as an accident specialist, most require systemic skills and social skills. Conclusion: The number and level of occupational skills for some of the police JOBS is more than the rest, and in order to improve these skills, some key JOBS such as accidents specialists and accidents expert, specific training programs should designed to increase the level of designated skills.

Iran is growing fast in production of science and technology in the world. Based on experts’ opinion and reports of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), SCImago Journal and Country Rank, and Scopus it is concluded that the scientific field of Pharmacology Toxicology Pharmaceutics in Iran is growing very fast with great impact on the country science growth. Regarding various elements that have been involved in growth of sciences in Iran, focusing on quality of researches by the proposed methods in the present essay would be the key element of success in future.

Ontracts play an important role in creating job security. By concluding an employment contract, rights and employers are created for the parties, i.e. labor and employment. In contrast to workers and employees with contract workers, self-employed workers are people who work for themselves and are employed without any type of contract. Self-employment is one of the ways to get a job in the unemployment crisis, It is a type of employment in which a person is responsible for owning and managing his own business. Job insecurity is one of the important challenges of self-employed workers. This article is about the legal study of job security of non-contractual JOBS and by relying on jurisprudential generalities such as the rule of respect, it deals with proving the right to job security for self-employed and non-contractual workers

Introduction: Mankind is increasingly being submitted to an unnatural life style in an environment harmful to his health. The result is not only illness and stress but also socio-economic problems. Urban areas, by their nature as centers of population and economic activity are subject to a wide range of pollutants. The health effects of these pollutants among which are carcinogens include respiratory diseases and eye and skin irritation. In addition, they erode man-made environments and damage natural environments. Most air pollutants stem from three sources: industry, motor vehicles and the burning fossil fuels for heat or electricity generation. The contribution of industrial sources to air pollution varies considerably from one town to another, depending on the accumulation and type of industries in an area.